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The Kathmandu Metropolitan City has said that construction of the “tallest building” in the country at Old Bus Park in the Capital is set to start from Sunday. But it is not yet clear whether the building will undergo major design changes or will be shorter than what was earlier planned.

The 29-storey Kathmandu View Tower is said to be the tallest building in Nepal once completed, but due to changes in regulations for building construction after the earthquake last year mean that the original approved design violates the new rule.

The foundation stone for the building was laid in November last year.

Settlement Development, Urban Planning and Building Construction Criteria 2015 set by the government has changed provisions for minimum setback area, ground coverage and floor area ratio for high-rise buildings.

According to the new standards, the ratio of the height of a high-rise building to its setback area has been fixed at 4:1. Likewise, the building is allowed to cover a maximum of 60 percent ground of the plot it is being built on while the regulation for floor area ratio has not been explicitly mentioned and left for local bodies to decide.

Due to the unexpected changes, only the blueprints for a 12-storey building have been approved at first.

But engineers at the KMC say remaining storeys can be added in future after confusions over new regulations are cleared or by “slightly altering the original design”, as the building will be completed in two phases.

Rudra Singh Tamang, chief and executive officer of the KMC, said that the Kathmandu View Tower will be constructed as per original designs.

“The tower complies with most of the new regulations and there are conflicts in just few areas like ground coverage,” he said. “We have, nevertheless, written to the Ministry of Urban Development to reconsider some of its construction provisions and they are not suitable for the kind of tower we are building,” he added.

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Modern insurance

Insurance became more sophisticated in Enlightenment era Europe, and specialized varieties developed. Some forms of insurance developed in London in the early decades of the 17th century. For example, the will of the English colonist Robert Hayman mentioned two "policies of insurance" taken out with the diocesan Chancellor of London, Arthur Duck. Of the value of £100 each, one related to the safe arrival of Hayman's ship in Guyana and the other was in regard to "one hundred pounds assured by the said Doctor Arthur Ducke on my life

Property insurance

Property insurance as we know it today can be traced to the Great Fire of London, which in 1666 devoured more than 13,000 houses. The devastating effects of the fire converted the development of insurance "from a matter of convenience into one of urgency, a change of opinion reflected in Sir Christopher Wren's inclusion of a site for 'the Insurance Office' in his new plan for London in 1667".[8] A number of attempted fire insurance schemes came to nothing, but in 1681, economist Nicholas Barbon and eleven associates established the first fire insurance company, the "Insurance Office for Houses", at the back of the Royal Exchange to insure brick and frame homes. Initially, 5,000 homes were insured by his Insurance Office

In the wake of this first successful venture, many similar companies were founded in the following decades. Initially, each company employed its own fire department to prevent and minimise the damage from conflagrations on properties insured by them. They also began to issue 'Fire insurance marks' to their customers. These would be displayed prominently above the main door of the property and allowed the insurance company to positively identify properties that had taken out insurance with them. One such notable company was the Hand in Hand Fire & Life Insurance Society, founded in 1696 at Tom's Coffee House in St. Martin's Lane in London.[10] It was structured as a mutual society, and for 135 years it operated its own fire brigade and played an important part in shaping fire fighting and prevention.[10] The Sun Fire Office is the earliest still existing property insurance company, dating from 1710.[10]

This system was soon exposed as terribly flawed, as rival brigades often ignored burning buildings once they discovered that it had no insurance policy with their company. Eventually, a solution was agreed upon in which all the insurance companies would supply money and equipment to a municipal authority charged with stationing fire prevention assets and firefighters equally around the city to respond to all fires. This did not solve the problem entirely, as the brigades still tended to favour saving insured buildings to those without any insurance at all.[11]

In Colonial America, the first insurance company that underwrote fire insurance was formed in Charles Town (modern-day Charleston), South Carolina in 1732. Benjamin Franklin helped to popularize and make standard the practice of insurance, particularly Property insurance to spread the risk of loss from fire, in the form of perpetual insurance. In 1752, he founded the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. Franklin's company made contributions toward fire prevention. Not only did his company warn against certain fire hazards, it refused to insure certain buildings where the risk of fire was too great, such as all wooden houses.

Business insurance[edit]

Lloyd's Coffee House was the first marine insurance company.

At the same time, the first insurance schemes for the underwriting of business ventures became available. By the end of the seventeenth century, London's growing importance as a centre for trade was increasing demand for marine insurance. In the late 1680s, Edward Lloyd opened a coffee house on Tower Street in London. It soon became a popular haunt for ship owners, merchants, and ships' captains, and thereby a reliable source of the latest shipping news.[12]

It became the meeting place for parties in the shipping industry wishing to insure cargoes and ships, and those willing to underwrite such ventures. These informal beginnings led to the establishment of the insurance market Lloyd's of London and several related shipping and insurance businesses. In 1774, long after Lloyd's death in 1713, the participating members of the insurance arrangement formed a committee and moved to the Royal Exchange on Cornhill as the Society of Lloyd's.

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